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The plant produces fragrant small yellowish or greenish flowers in axillary racemes, usually from September to November in Mediterranean climates. Fruits are globose berries, ripening from red to black in clusters during autumn, measuring 8–10 mm in diameter and containing 1–3 seeds. While unpalatable to humans, the berries are a vital food source for birds, contributing to seed dispersal.
Smilax aspera is native to Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia), Mediterranean Europe (Albania, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, France, Portugal, Spain), temperate Asia (Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey), and tropical Asia (India, Bhutan, Nepal). It has also naturalized in other regions. It thrives in woods, scrublands, and forest edges at altitudes up to 1,200 metres (3,937 ft).
Edible: Young shoots and tendrils can be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable, often used as a substitute for asparagus. The roots are sometimes processed for beverages, traditionally incorporated into soft drinks.
Medicinal: The root is a versatile tonic and depurative, with properties including alterative, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant, and antipsoriatic. Historically, it has been used as a springtime tonic and general body cleanser, sometimes in combination with woody nightshade (Solanum dulcamara). The ripe fruits can also be applied topically to treat scabies.
Dye: Red dye can be obtained from the ripe tendrils.
Hedge: Often grown as an impenetrable natural hedge in suitable climates.
Parasiticide: Certain plant extracts were traditionally used for controlling parasites.
Smilax aspera succeeds in most soils with sun or semi-shade exposure. Hardy in mild areas down to -10°C. Dioecious: both male and female plants are needed for seed production.
Propagation:
Seed: Sow in March in a warm greenhouse; some seeds may require cold stratification or take 2+ years to germinate. Prick seedlings into individual pots and grow in greenhouse or cold frame for the first year or two before planting outside.
Division: Best in early spring as new growth begins. Smaller divisions can be potted and grown in lightly shaded positions.
Cuttings: Take half-ripe shoots in July and root in a frame.
Note: The plant can become invasive in some regions; always check local regulations before planting.
Smilax aspera is a remarkable vine combining ornamental beauty, edible shoots, medicinal roots, and ecological value, making it an excellent choice for dedicated gardeners and plant collectors.


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