SWEET PEA Seeds (Lathyrus odoratus)

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<h2 class=""><strong>Cayenne Chili Seeds (Mixed Colors)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 or 50 seeds.&nbsp;</strong></span></h2> <div>Strong upright plants produce large-shouldered, wrinkled, tapered, and curved fruit ranging from 15 to 20 cm long by 3 cm in diameter with medium-thick flesh.&nbsp;<br><br>The fruit color is dark green turning to yellow, orange, red when ripe. 30,000 - 40,000 SHU's.&nbsp;<br><br>Matures in 70-80 days.</div> <div><br>Tips on Growing Cayenne Long Slim Chili Pepper Seeds:</div> <div>GROWING SEEDLINGS:</div> <div>Sow Chili Pepper seeds in shallow flats, 4 seeds/in., 1/4" deep, in late February or March or about 8-12 weeks prior to transplanting outdoors.</div> <div>If possible, maintain soil temperatures 80-85°F (27-29°C). Pepper seed germinates very slowly in cooler soil, and may very well rot before they germinate.</div> <div>Well-drained, fertile soil with abundant amounts of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium is best. Peppers do well without much added nitrogen. They are also more tolerant of acid soil than many other Garden Vegetables. Chili Peppers are less likely than bell or sweet peppers to object to the low level of aeration in heavy clay soils. Just remember to water them well in hot and dry weather.</div> <div>When the first true leaves just show, transplant 2-3" apart in flats or 2" cell-type containers.</div> <div>The use of 2" or larger cells will produce larger plants with better-developed root systems.</div> <div>Harden off the pepper plants one to two weeks before your last frost by setting them outdoors, if the plants have blossoms cover the tomato plants at night until the night temperature is warmer.</div> <div>Grow plants at approx. 70°F (21°C) day and 60°F (16°C) nights.</div> <div>Do not let people that smoke handle your peppers or pick your peppers before they wash their hands. The virus that causes tobacco mosaic which will affect peppers, survives the cigarette manufacturing processes.</div> <div>COLD TREATMENT:</div> <div>Exposing the seedlings to controlled cold treatments can increase the number of flowers and fruits.</div> <div>When the third true leaf appears, grow the plants at a minimum night temp. of 53-55°F (12-13°C) for 4 weeks.</div> <div>The plants should receive full sunlight.</div> <div>After 4 weeks adjust temperature to 70°F (21°C) day and night. If this technique is used, peppers should be seeded 1-2 weeks earlier than usual.</div> <div>TRANSPLANTING:</div> <div>Transplant out after frost when the soil is warm and weather is settled.</div> <div>Ideal seedlings have buds, but no open flowers.</div> <div>When setting out peppers plants I bury them 2 inches deeper than what they were in the pots or trays. Set plants 12-18" apart in rows 24-36" apart, or 2 rows on poly/paper mulch, 18" between plants.</div> <div>Water-in transplants using a high phosphorus solution.</div> <div>Use Row Covers: Cold weather is buffered and earliness increased by using plastic mulch, especially in combination with a slotted row cover or lightweight fabric row cover supported by wire hoops.</div> <div> <p>Remove row covers when in sunny weather above 85°F (29°C) to prevent heat damage.</p> </div>

C 19 MIX

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<h2 class=""><strong>White mustard Seeds (Sinapis alba)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;" class=""><strong>Price for Package of 180 (1g) seeds.</strong></span></h2> <div><b>White mustard</b><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>Sinapis alba</i><span>) is an&nbsp;</span>annual plant<span>&nbsp;of the family&nbsp;</span>Brassicaceae<span>. It is sometimes also referred to as&nbsp;</span><i>Brassica alba</i><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i>B. hirta</i><span>. Grown for its seeds, used to make the condiment&nbsp;</span>mustard<span>, as fodder crop, or as a&nbsp;</span>green manure<span>, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.</span></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span></h2> <p>White mustard is an annual, growing to 70&nbsp;cm high with stalkless pinnate leaves, similar to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sinapis arvensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution">Distribution</span></h2> <p>Most common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, it can be found worldwide. It has been found as far north as Greenland,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[2]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and naturalized throughout<span>&nbsp;</span>Great Britain<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</span></h2> <p>The yellow flowers of the plant produce hairy seed pods, with each pod containing roughly a half dozen seeds. These seeds are harvested just prior to the pods becoming ripe and bursting.</p> <p>White mustard seeds are hard round seeds, usually around 1.0 to 1.5&nbsp;mm (0.039 to 0.059&nbsp;in) in diameter,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[4]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with a color ranging from beige or yellow to light brown. They can be used whole for pickling or toasted for use in dishes. When ground and mixed with other ingredients, a paste or more standard<span>&nbsp;</span>condiment<span>&nbsp;</span>can be produced.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sinapis alba</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is used to make the commonplace yellow table mustard, with additional yellow coloring provided by<span>&nbsp;</span>turmeric<span>&nbsp;</span>in some formulations.</p> <p>The seeds contain<span>&nbsp;</span>sinalbin, which is a<span>&nbsp;</span>thioglycoside<span>&nbsp;</span>responsible for their pungent taste. White mustard has fewer<span>&nbsp;</span>volatile oils<span>&nbsp;</span>and the flavor is considered to be milder than that produced by<span>&nbsp;</span>black mustard<span>&nbsp;</span>seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup></p> <p>In Greece, the plant's leaves can be eaten during the winter, before it blooms. Greeks call it<span>&nbsp;</span><i>vrouves (βρούβα)</i><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><i>lapsana (λαψάνα)</i>. The blooming season of this plant (February–March) is celebrated with the Mustard Festival, a series of festivities in the wine country of California (Napa and Sonoma Counties).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_uses">Other uses</span></h2> <p>White mustard is commonly used as a cover and green manure crop in Europe (between UK and Ukraine). A large number of varieties exist, e.g. in<span>&nbsp;</span>Germany,<span>&nbsp;</span>Netherlands, mainly differing in lateness of flowering and resistance against white beet-cyst nematode (<i>Heterodera schachtii</i>). Farmers prefer late-flowering varieties, which do not produce seeds, as they may become weeds in the subsequent year. Early vigour is important to cover the soil quickly to suppress weeds and protect the soil against erosion. In rotations with<span>&nbsp;</span>sugar beets, suppression of the white beet-cyst nematode is an important trait. Resistant white mustard varieties reduce nematode populations by 70-90%.</p>

MHS 27 W (1g)

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Tomato Seeds BLACK FROM TULA</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>The Black from Tula is an excellent delicious Russian tomato. A dark high-yielding old tomato variety that came to from an old Russian city Tula from Russia. This old Russian variety produces tomatoes with a unique deep purple color with a rich sweet flavor.</p> <p>The Black from Tula is widely known as one of the best flavored dark tomatoes and when mature, fruits grow up to 400 grams (14 ounces) and have a diameter of approx. 7-10 cm.</p> <p>Fruits are medium to large ripening to a black-red with a deep colored pulp. The plant has vigorous growth and reaches a size of almost 2 meters. Even with less sun in summer, lots of ripe fruit. High yield.</p> <p>Indeterminate.</p> </body> </html>

P 303

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<h2 style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;" class=""><strong>Ginkgo, Gingko,&nbsp;Maidenhair Tree&nbsp;Seeds (Ginkgo biloba)</strong></h2> <h2 style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>Ginkgo biloba, known as ginkgo or as the maidenhair tree, is the only living species in the division Ginkgophyta, all others being extinct. It is found in fossils dating back 270 million years. Native to China, the tree is widely cultivated and was introduced early to human history. It has various uses in traditional medicine and as a source of food. The genus name Ginkgo is regarded as a misspelling of the Japanese gin kyo, "silver apricot".</p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>Ginkgos are large trees, normally reaching a height of 20–35 m (66–115 ft), with some specimens in China being over 50 m (160 ft). The tree has an angular crown and long, somewhat erratic branches, and is usually deep rooted and resistant to wind and snow damage. Young trees are often tall and slender, and sparsely branched; the crown becomes broader as the tree ages. During autumn, the leaves turn a bright yellow, then fall, sometimes within a short space of time (one to 15 days). A combination of resistance to disease, insect-resistant wood and the ability to form aerial roots and sprouts makes ginkgos long-lived, with some specimens claimed to be more than 2,500 years old.</p> <p>Ginkgo is a relatively shade-intolerant species that (at least in cultivation) grows best in environments that are well-watered and well-drained. The species shows a preference for disturbed sites; in the "semiwild" stands at Tian Mu Shan, many specimens are found along stream banks, rocky slopes, and cliff edges. Accordingly, ginkgo retains a prodigious capacity for vegetative growth. It is capable of sprouting from embedded buds near the base of the trunk (lignotubers, or basal chi chi) in response to disturbances, such as soil erosion. Old individuals are also capable of producing aerial roots on the undersides of large branches in response to disturbances such as crown damage; these roots can lead to successful clonal reproduction upon contacting the soil. These strategies are evidently important in the persistence of ginkgo; in a survey of the "semiwild" stands remaining in Tianmushan, 40% of the specimens surveyed were multistemmed, and few saplings were present.[45]:86–87</p> <p><strong>Uses</strong></p> <p><strong>Health</strong></p> <p>An extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBE) is marketed in dietary supplement form with claims it can enhance cognitive function in people without known cognitive problems. Studies have failed to find such effects on memory or attention in healthy people.</p> <p>A standardized medicinal extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf originally called EGb 176 has been studied as a possible treatment for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, with mixed results. Some reviews have concluded there is no good evidence supporting the use of Ginkgo in dementia, &nbsp;whereas others have concluded that the EGB761 extract may help people with dementia.</p> <p>There is no good evidence supporting the use of Ginkgo for treating high blood pressure, menopause-related cognitive decline, tinnitus, post-stroke recovery, peripheral arterial disease, macular degeneration, or altitude sickness.</p> <p><strong>Cooking</strong></p> <p>The nut-like gametophytes inside the seeds are particularly esteemed in Asia, and are a traditional Chinese food. Ginkgo nuts are used in congee, and are often served at special occasions such as weddings and the Chinese New Year (as part of the vegetarian dish called Buddha's delight). In Chinese culture, they are believed to have health benefits; some also consider them to have aphrodisiac qualities. Japanese cooks add ginkgo seeds (called ginnan) to dishes such as chawanmushi, and cooked seeds are often eaten along with other dishes.</p> <p>When eaten in large quantities or over a long period, especially by children,[27] the gametophyte (meat) of the seed can cause poisoning by 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN). MPN is heat stable and not destroyed by cooking.[27] Studies have demonstrated the convulsions caused by MPN can be prevented or terminated with pyridoxine (vitamin B6).</p> <p>Some people are sensitive to the chemicals in the sarcotesta, the outer fleshy coating. These people should handle the seeds with care when preparing the seeds for consumption, wearing disposable gloves. The symptoms are allergic contact dermatitis[28][29] or blisters similar to that caused by contact with poison ivy. However, seeds with the fleshy coating removed are mostly &nbsp;safe to handle.</p> <p><strong>Taxonomy and naming</strong></p> <p>The species was initially described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771, the specific epithet biloba derived from the Latin bis, "two" and loba, "lobed", referring to the shape of the leaves.[5] Two names for the species recognise the botanist Richard Salisbury, a placement by Nelson as Pterophyllus salisburiensis and the earlier Salisburia adiantifolia proposed by James Edward Smith. The epithet of the latter may have been intended to denote a characteristic resembling Adiantum, the genus of maidenhair ferns.</p> <p>The relationship of ginkgo to other plant groups remains uncertain. It has been placed loosely in the divisions Spermatophyta and Pinophyta, but no consensus has been reached. Since its seeds are not protected by an ovary wall, it can morphologically be considered a gymnosperm. The apricot-like structures produced by female ginkgo trees are technically not fruits, but are seeds that have a shell consisting of a soft and fleshy section (the sarcotesta), and a hard section (the sclerotesta).</p> <p>The ginkgo is classified in its own division, the Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae, genus Ginkgo and is the only extant species within this group. It is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil, because Ginkgoales other than G. bilobaare not known from the fossil record after the Pliocene.</p> <p><strong>Etymology</strong></p> <p>The older Chinese name for this plant is 銀果, meaning "silver fruit", pronounced yínguǒ in Mandarin or Ngan-gwo in Cantonese. The most usual names today are 白果 (bái guǒ), meaning "white fruit", and 銀杏 (yínxìng), meaning "silver apricot". The former name was borrowed directly in Vietnamese as bạch quả. The latter name was borrowed in Japanese ぎんなん (ginnan) and Korean 은행 (eunhaeng), when the tree itself was introduced from China.</p> <p>The scientific name Ginkgo is the result of a spelling error that occurred three centuries ago. Kanji typically have multiple pronunciations in Japanese, and the characters 銀杏 used for ginnan can also be pronounced ginkyō. Engelbert Kaempfer, the first Westerner to investigate the species in 1690, wrote down this pronunciation in the notes that he later used for the Amoenitates Exoticae (1712) with the "awkward" spelling "ginkgo".[9] This appears to be a simple error of Kaempfer; taking his spelling of other Japanese words containing the syllable "kyō" into account, a more precise romanization following his writing habits would have been "ginkio" or "ginkjo".[10] Linné, who relied on Kaempfer when dealing with Japanese plants, adopted the spelling given in Kaempfer's "Flora Japonica" (Amoenitates Exoticae, p. 811).</p> <p><strong>Side effects</strong></p> <p>Ginkgo may have undesirable effects, especially for individuals with blood circulation disorders and those taking anticoagulants such as aspirin or warfarin, although recent studies have found ginkgo has little or no effect on the anticoagulant properties or pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects.</p> <p>Additional side effects include increased risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and restlessness. Ginkgo should be used with caution when combined with other herbs known to increase bleeding (e.g. garlic, ginseng, ginger).</p> <p>According to a systemic review, the effects of ginkgo on pregnant women may include increased bleeding time, and it should be avoided during lactation because of inadequate safety evidence.</p> <p><strong>Allergic precautions and contraindications</strong></p> <p>Some authors claim that Ginkgo biloba extracts, which are co-administered with anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin or coumadin, increase the risk for bleeding because of their assumed antiplatelet activity. Concerns that standardized Ginkgo biloba preparations (GBE) significantly impact haemostasis or adversely affect the safety of anticoagulant drugs are however not supported by current medical literature.</p> <p>The presence of amentoflavone in G. biloba leaves would indicate a potential for interactions with many medications through the strong inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9; however, no empirical evidence supports this. Further, at recommended doses, studies have shown, "[m]ultiple-dose administration of Ginkgo biloba did not affect cytochrome P-450 2D6 or 3A4 activity in normal volunteers."[36] The concentration of amentoflavone found even in commercial ginkgo extracts possibly is too low to be pharmacologically active.</p> <p>Ginkgo biloba leaves and sarcotesta also contain ginkgolic acids,[37] which are highly allergenic, long-chain alkylphenols such as bilobol or adipostatin A[38] (bilobol is a substance related to anacardic acid from cashew nut shells and urushiols present in poison ivy and other Toxicodendron spp.)[29] Individuals with a history of strong allergic reactions to poison ivy, mangoes, cashews and other alkylphenol-producing plants are more likely to experience allergic reaction when consuming non-standardized ginkgo-containing preparations, combinations, or extracts thereof. The level of these allergens in standardized pharmaceutical preparations from Ginkgo biloba was restricted to 5 ppm by the Commission E of the former Federal German Health Authority.</p> <p><strong>Cultivation</strong></p> <p>Ginkgo has long been cultivated in China; some planted trees at temples are believed to be over 1,500 years old. The first record of Europeans encountering it is in 1690 in Japanese temple gardens, where the tree was seen by the German botanist Engelbert Kaempfer. Because of its status in Buddhism and Confucianism, the ginkgo is also widely planted in Korea and parts of Japan; in both areas, some naturalization has occurred, with ginkgos seeding into natural forests.</p> <p>In some areas, most intentionally planted ginkgos are male cultivars grafted onto plants propagated from seed, because the male trees will not produce the malodorous seeds. The popular cultivar "Autumn Gold" is a clone of a male plant.</p> <p>The disadvantage of male Ginkgo biloba trees is that they are highly allergenic. Male Ginkgo biloba trees have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 7 (out of 10), whereas female trees, which can produce no pollen, have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 2.</p> <p>Female cultivars include "Liberty Splendor", "Santa Cruz", and "Golden Girl", so named because of the striking yellow color of its leaves in the fall.</p> <p>Ginkgos adapt well to the urban environment, tolerating pollution and confined soil spaces. They rarely suffer disease problems, even in urban conditions, and are attacked by few insects. For this reason, and for their general beauty, ginkgos are excellent urban and shade trees, and are widely planted along many streets.</p> <p>Ginkgos are also popular subjects for growing as penjing and bonsai; they can be kept artificially small and tended over centuries. Furthermore, the trees are easy to propagate from seed.</p> <p>The ginkgo leaf is the symbol of the Urasenke school of Japanese tea ceremony. The tree is the official tree of the Japanese capital of Tokyo, and the symbol of Tokyo is a ginkgo leaf.</p> <p><strong>Palaeontology</strong></p> <p>The ginkgo is a living fossil, with fossils recognisably related to modern ginkgo from the Permian, dating back 270 million years. The most plausible ancestral group for the order Ginkgoales is the Pteridospermatophyta, also known as the "seed ferns", specifically the order Peltaspermales. The closest living relatives of the clade are the cycads,[45]:84 which share with the extant G. biloba the characteristic of motile sperm. Fossils attributable to the genus Ginkgo first appeared in the Early Jurassic, and the genus diversified and spread throughout Laurasia during the middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. It declined in diversity as the Cretaceous progressed, and by the Paleocene, Ginkgo adiantoides was the only Ginkgo species left in the Northern Hemisphere, while a markedly different (and poorly documented) form persisted in the Southern Hemisphere. At the end of the Pliocene, Ginkgo fossils disappeared from the fossil record everywhere except in a small area of central China, where the modern species survived. It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished. Given the slow pace of evolution and morphological similarity between members of the genus, there may have been only one or two species existing in the Northern Hemisphere through the entirety of the Cenozoic: present-day G. biloba (including G. adiantoides) and G. gardneri from the Paleocene of Scotland.</p> <p>At least morphologically, G. gardneri and the Southern Hemisphere species are the only known post-Jurassic taxa that can be unequivocally recognised. The remainder may have been ecotypes or subspecies. The implications would be that G. biloba had occurred over an extremely wide range, had remarkable genetic flexibility and, though evolving genetically, never showed much speciation. While it may seem improbable that a species may exist as a contiguous entity for many millions of years, many of the ginkgo's life-history parameters fit. These are: extreme longevity; slow reproduction rate; (in Cenozoic and later times) a wide, apparently contiguous, but steadily contracting distribution coupled with, as far as can be demonstrated from the fossil record, extreme ecological conservatism (restriction to disturbed streamside environments).</p> <p>Modern-day G. biloba grows best in environments that are well-watered and drained,[45]:87 and the extremely similar fossil Ginkgo favored similar environments: the sediment record at the majority of fossil Ginkgo localities indicates it grew primarily in disturbed environments along streams and levees.[45] Ginkgo, therefore, presents an "ecological paradox" because while it possesses some favorable traits for living in disturbed environments (clonal reproduction) many of its other life-history traits (slow growth, large seed size, late reproductive maturity) are the opposite of those exhibited by modern plants that thrive in disturbed settings.</p> <p>Given the slow rate of evolution of the genus, Ginkgo possibly represents a preangiosperm strategy for survival in disturbed streamside environments. Ginkgo evolved in an era before flowering plants, when ferns, cycads, and cycadeoids dominated disturbed streamside environments, forming low, open, shrubby canopies. Ginkgo's large seeds and habit of "bolting" - growing to a height of 10 m before elongating its side branches - may be adaptions to such an environment. Because diversity in the genus Ginkgo drops through the Cretaceous (along with that of ferns, cycads, and cycadeoids) at the same time the flowering plants were on the rise, the notion that flowering plants with better adaptations to disturbance displaced Ginkgo and its associates over time is supported.[45]:93</p> <p>Ginkgo has been used for classifying plants with leaves that have more than four veins per segment, while Baiera for those with fewer than four veins per segment. Sphenobaiera has been used to classify plants with a broadly wedge-shaped leaf that lacks a distinct leaf stem. Trichopitys is distinguished by having multiple-forked leaves with cylindrical (not flattened), thread-like ultimate divisions; it is one of the earliest fossils ascribed to the Ginkgophyta.</p> <p><strong>Phytochemicals</strong></p> <p>Extracts of ginkgo leaves contain phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, flavonoid glycosides, such as myricetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and quercetin, and the terpene trilactones, ginkgolides and bilobalides. The leaves also contain unique ginkgo biflavones, as well as alkylphenols and polyprenols.</p> <p><strong>Branches</strong></p> <p>Ginkgo branches grow in length by growth of shoots with regularly spaced leaves, as seen on most trees. From the axils of these leaves, "spur shoots" (also known as short shoots) develop on second-year growth. Short shoots have very short internodes (so they may grow only one or two centimeters in several years) and their leaves are usually unlobed. They are short and knobby, and are arranged regularly on the branches except on first-year growth. Because of the short internodes, leaves appear to be clustered at the tips of short shoots, and reproductive structures are formed only on them (see pictures below - seeds and leaves are visible on short shoots). In ginkgos, as in other plants that possess them, short shoots allow the formation of new leaves in the older parts of the crown. After a number of years, a short shoot may change into a long (ordinary) shoot, or vice versa.</p> <p><strong>Leaves</strong></p> <p>The leaves are unique among seed plants, being fan-shaped with veins radiating out into the leaf blade, sometimes bifurcating (splitting), but never anastomosing to form a network.[48] Two veins enter the leaf blade at the base and fork repeatedly in two; this is known as dichotomous venation. The leaves are usually 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in), but sometimes up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long. The old popular name "maidenhair tree" is because the leaves resemble some of the pinnae of the maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris. Ginkgos are prized for their autumn foliage, which is a deep saffron yellow.</p> <p>Leaves of long shoots are usually notched or lobed, but only from the outer surface, between the veins. They are borne both on the more rapidly growing branch tips, where they are alternate and spaced out, and also on the short, stubby spur shoots, where they are clustered at the tips.</p> <p><strong>Reproduction</strong></p> <p>Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate sexes, some trees being female and others being male. Male plants produce small pollen cones with sporophylls, each bearing two microsporangia spirally arranged around a central axis.</p> <p class="">Female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds. The seed is 1.5–2 cm long. Its fleshy outer layer (the sarcotesta) is light yellow-brown, soft, and fruit-like. It is attractive in appearance, but contains butyric acid[49] (also known as butanoic acid) and smells like rancid butter or vomit[50] when fallen. Beneath the sarcotesta is the hard sclerotesta (the "shell" of the seed) and a papery endotesta, with the nucellus surrounding the female gametophyte at the center.</p> <p><strong>History</strong></p> <p>The first use as a medicine is recorded in the late 15th century in China; among western countries, its first registered medicinal use was in Germany in 1965. Despite use, controlled studies do not support the extract's efficacy for most of the indicated conditions.</p> <p><strong>Hiroshima</strong></p> <p>Further information: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</p> <p>Extreme examples of the ginkgo's tenacity may be seen in Hiroshima, Japan, where six trees growing between 1–2 km from the 1945 atom bomb explosion were among the few living things in the area to survive the blast. Although almost all other plants (and animals) in the area were killed, the ginkgos, though charred, survived and were soon healthy again, among other hibakujumoku. The six trees are still alive: they are marked with signs at Housenbou (報専坊?) temple (planted in 1850), Shukkei-en (planted about 1740), Jōsei-ji (planted 1900), at the former site of Senda Elementary School near Miyukibashi, at Myōjōin temple, and an Edo period-cutting at Anraku-ji temple.</p> <p><strong>How to germinate Ginkgo seeds:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://rickshory.wordpress.com/2016/02/03/germinating-ginkgo-seeds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://rickshory.wordpress.com/2016/02/03/germinating-ginkgo-seeds/</a></p>

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